NaCl in water:
1) 135mL of
water was poured into a 250mL beaker. 35.7g of sodium chloride was weighed in a
beaker upon the electronic scales and added to the water. The solution was stirred
until dissolved.
2) After
protective bench paper had been laid across the workspace and safety equipment collected
the titration apparatus was set up. The burette clamp was fastened to the retort
stand, along with the burette after it had been rinsed through with both
distilled water and silver nitrate.
3) The
burette was filled with silver nitrate, and 10mL of the saturated NaCl solution
with three drops of the potassium dichromate indicator was placed in a conical
flask beneath the apparatus.
4) The
silver nitrate was slowly titrated into the salt solution until a brick red
precipitate was formed. The number of moles of silver nitrate used was then
calculated to determine the chloride ion concentration and consequently the
solubility product of the salt.
5) The
above procedure was then repeated; however, the sodium chloride solution was
heated to 50 degrees Celsius, before 10mL was measured out for the titration.
NaCl in
ethanol:
6) A known
amount of salt, in this instance 35.7g, was placed into 135mL of ethanol. The solution was stirred for approximately
three minutes. In order to determine how much of the sodium chloride was
dissolved, the solution was filtered through filter paper.
7) When the
filter paper was dry, the amount of salt present on the filter paper was
weighed and comparisons made to the original amount of salt placed in the ethanol.
Both weights were recorded.
8) The
ethanol and salt solution was titrated with silver nitrate to determine the
amount of chloride ions according to the same procedure as the NaCl and water
solution. The solubility product was then calculated of salt in ethanol.
9) The same
procedure for ethanol was repeated, though over a heat of 50 degrees celcius
before the addition of NaCl.
NaCl in
Oil:
10) A known
amount of salt (in this case, 35.7g) was added to weighed flask containing 135mL
of olive oil and mixed well. 100mL of distilled water was added to the solution
and stirred for approximately three minutes.
11) Using a
separating funnel, the water was filtered off, leaving only the olive oil. This
liquid was weighed in order to determine whether any of the NaCl had been dissolved
into the oil. If the weight was changed, then a titration was used to determine
the chloride concentration. If not, no titration was used due to the absence of
any chloride ions.
12)
Regardless of whether or not any sodium chloride dissolved, the test was repeated
over a heat of 50 degrees Celsius before the water was added to the oil and
salt.
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