Equipment List:
o
Tap Water
o
Olive Oil 90mL
o
Ethanol 90mL
o
Butanol 90mL
o
Table Salt 90g
o
8 x 100mL Beakers
o
100mL Measuring Cylinder
o
Liquid Soap 100mL
o
Dishwashing Liquid 100mL
o
Stopwatch
o
Thermometer
Method:
Part 1:
1)
50mL of tap water is poured using the measuring
cylinder into four 100mL beakers. 10mL of each of the oil, ethanol and butanol
are added to the three of the four remaining beakers. 10g of salt is added to
the fourth beaker.
2)
All beakers containing a substance, water or
otherwise, are weighed and the weight recorded.
3)
All four beakers containing the oil, alcohols
and salt are heated over an electronic heat apparatus or Bunsen burner to an
exact temperature of 50 degrees Celsius (using a thermometer to measure heat),
and allowed to simmer at that temperature for five minutes. The water is heated
to the same temperature.
4)
The four heated substances are then added to
each of the beakers filled with water and stirred for thirty seconds. At the
conclusion of this time, qualitative recordings are made so as to determine
whether the substance has dissolved and if not, an estimate as to how much
remains as a percentage.
5)
The four beakers containing both the water and
another substance are weighed for a second time and any difference between the
final weight and the original weight noted.
6)
Repeat the above procedure, except heat the
water and the other substances to the constant temperature of 20 degrees
celcius.
Part 2:
1)
50mL of tap water is poured using the measuring
cylinder into four 100mL beakers. 10mL of each of the following combinations
are added to a 100mL beaker (i.e. 10mL of Oil and 10mL of ethanol added to ONE
100mL beaker) :
1) Oil (hydrocarbon) + Ethanol (Alcohol)
2) Oil (hydrocarbon) + Butanol (Alcohol)
3) Ethanol (Alcohol) + Salt (Ionic & Polar)
4) Salt (Ionic & Polar) + Oil (hydrocarbon)
2)
All beakers containing a substance, water or
otherwise, are weighed and the weight recorded.
7)
Each of these combinations and the beakers
containing water are mixed consistently over a heat of 50 degrees for five minutes.
Once taken off the heat, each of the liquids in each beaker is poured into a
corresponding beaker containing water. These liquids are then mixed for 30
seconds. At the conclusion of this time, qualitative recordings are made so as
to determine whether the substance/s have dissolved and if not, an estimate as
to how much remains as a percentage of each.
8)
The four beakers containing both the water and
another substance are weighed for a second time and the difference between the
final weight and the original weight noted.
Part 3:
1)
50mL of tap water is poured using the measuring
cylinder into three 100mL beakers. 10mL of each of the oil, ethanol and butanol
are added to the three beakers.
2)
All beakers containing a substance are weighed
and the weight recorded.
3)
10mL of liquid soap is then added to the each of
the beakers and mixed for thirty seconds each. Any observations regarding
solubility are recorded.
4)
The beakers containing the mixtures are poured
into a corresponding beaker containing water and mixed again for thirty seconds
5)
At the conclusion of this time, qualitative
recordings are made so as to determine whether the substance/s have dissolved
and if not, an estimate as to how much remains as a percentage of each.
6)
The four beakers containing both the water and
another substance are weighed for a second time and the difference between the
final weight and the original weight noted.
7)
This process is repeated, though instead of
using soap, dishwashing liquid is used.
8)
Any observable or recorded differences between
the use of liquid soap and dishwashing liquid are recorded.
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